Popularized by famed psychiatrist Carl Jung in the early 1900s, at first, this framework differentiated individuals who had a propensity for alone time (introverts) from those who preferred to socialize (extroverts). Since then, it’s become more nuanced. As clinical psychologist Perpetua Neo, DClinPsy, previously told mbg, you can think of echoists as the opposite of narcissists. “Situations that call for echoists to state their own needs, to claim their own voice, or to act on their own behalf or in their own best interests, are often the most challenging for them,” Muñoz adds.
